1. Natural Aging
The most common reason is simply getting older.
As nails age, they may:
- Develop fine vertical ridges.
- Become slightly drier.
- Grow more slowly.
This is usually normal and doesn’t require treatment.
2. Dry Nails
Frequent hand washing, harsh soaps, and exposure to cleaning products can dry out the nails.
Dry nails may:
- Develop ridges.
- Split more easily.
- Become brittle.
3. Minor Nail Injury
A bump or injury to the nail matrix (where the nail grows) can temporarily change the nail’s appearance.
4. Nutritional Deficiencies
In some cases, brittle or ridged nails may be associated with low levels of certain nutrients, including:
- Iron
- Vitamin B12
- Folate
- Zinc
- Protein
Only a healthcare professional can determine whether a deficiency is present.
5. Skin Conditions
Certain skin conditions that affect the nails may also cause ridges, including:
- Eczema
- Psoriasis
- Lichen planus
When Should You See a Doctor?
Arrange a medical evaluation if you notice:
- Sudden changes in nail appearance.
- A dark brown or black streak that wasn’t there before.
- Nails becoming thick, yellow, or crumbly.
- Pain, swelling, or discharge around the nail.
- A ridge that appears on only one nail and is changing rapidly.
- Nail changes along with fatigue, weight loss, or other concerning symptoms.
